the hub and spoke. the major airlines created central hubs in big cities and turned to small regionals, or commuters, to feed their networks. >> so, they created these mechanisms where, "okay, we'll buy," you know, "50-seat airplanes for you. you'll set up or expand an existing company, and we'll make it look like that it's actually our airline. you buy the ticket from us, but," you know, "you're really flying on this other crier." >> o'brien: the new model of contract flying was called a code-share. the regional airline carried the same ticketing code and colors as the major. and under most contracts, the regionals were paid a set profit on each flight they completed, regardless of how many passengers they carried. >> so, there is a margin there of profit, but if you can hold down the pilot cost, if you can hold down the flight attendant cost, maintenance cost, those carriers make even more money. >> o'brien: the new business model got a big boost in the '90s, with the introduction of smaller jet aircraft that allowed the regionals to carry more passengers to farther destinations. and